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algebra

/ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/

math of symbols and equations

From Arabic al- (the definite article 'the') + Arabic jabr (restoring).

noun
al-
Arabic
AI-inferred
al-
the definite article attached to the title
jabr
Arabic
Verified
jabara
to reintegrate, reunite, consolidate

from Arabic jabara "reintegrate, reunite, consolidate." Al-Khwarizmi's book (translated into Latin in 12c.) also...

Arabic
AI-inferred
al-jabr
restoration or mending; one of the operations in solving equations
Medieval Latin
Verified
algebra
loaned from Arabic via the title of al-Khwarizmi's treatise

from Medieval Latin algebra

Combined
al-jabr
Arabic phrase in the title al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa al-muqabala, 'the compendium on calculation by restoring and balancing'
Modern English
Verified
algebra
settled into English in the 16th century as the name of the mathematical field

from Medieval Latin algebra

Modern English
algebra

This is one of those words that still smells faintly of the workshop. In Arabic, al-jabr meant something like “restoration” or “mending,” the sort of job a bone-setter might do with a splint and a steady hand. That makes perfect sense in the title of al-Khwarizmi’s 9th-century book, where broken pieces of an equation are put back into balance; the same idea later crossed into Latin and then English in the 1550s. So every time you see algebra tidying up x’s and y’s, you’re really watching an old act of repair, the cousin of bone-setting dressed up as mathematics.

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