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algorithm

/ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/

Finite step-by-step method for solving problems

From Arabic al (the definite article) + Arabic/Persian proper name khwarizmi (of Khwarazm).

noun
al
Arabic
AI-inferred
al-
the definite article attached in loanwords and names
Medieval Latin
AI-inferred
al-
kept in transliterations of Arabic scholarly terms
Old French
AI-inferred
al-
preserved as part of borrowed technical vocabulary
khwarizmi
Arabic
AI-inferred
al-Khwārizmī
meaning 'the man from Khwarazm,' a scholar's nisba
Medieval Latin
Verified
algorismus
a mangled transliteration of the scholar's name

from Medieval Latin algorismus , a mangled transliteration of Arabic al-Khwarizmi "native of Khwarazm" (modern Khiva in...

Old French
Verified
algorisme
the Arabic numeral system; later generalized to computation

from Old French algorisme "the Arabic numeral system" (13c.)

French
Verified
algorithme
refashioned under false association with Greek arithmos

from French algorithme , refashioned (under mistaken connection with Greek arithmos "number")

Combined
algorithm
1690s English form, ultimately from the name al-Khwarizmi, later remodeled to look Greek
Modern English
Verified
algorithm
broadened from arithmetic procedures to any finite method, especially in computing

from French algorithme , refashioned (under mistaken connection with Greek arithmos "number")

Modern English
algorithm

A whole branch of modern life is named after a person most people have never heard of. In the 800s, the scholar al-Khwarizmi worked in the world of Arabic mathematics, and medieval scribes later mangled his name into Latin as algorismus. Then French speakers, seeing a familiar-looking echo of Greek arithmos, gave it a makeover and produced algorithme — a classic case of etymology wearing a fake mustache. That same scholarly traffic also helped drag Arabic numerals into Europe, so every time we talk about an algorithm, we’re echoing the road from Khwarazm to the desktop. It’s a wonderfully human word: a name for a person became a term for a counting method, and then for the invisible little recipe that tells your phone what to do next. Not bad for a sentence that started as someone’s surname.

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