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amend

/əˈmɛnd/

Improve, correct, or formally alter something flawed

From Latin ex (out of) + Latin mendum (fault).

verb
noun
ex
Latin
AI-inferred
ex
“out of, away from”; marks removal or separation
mendum
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*mend-
reconstructed
“physical defect, fault”; a reconstructed root

from Old French amender "correct, set right, make better, improve" (12c.)

+1 more source
Latin
Verified
mendum
“fault, blemish, error”

from PIE *mend- "physical defect, fault" (source also of Sanskrit minda "physical blemish," Old Irish mennar "stain,...

Combined
Latin ēmendō / emendare
ex- combines with mendum: literally, to remove a fault
Old French
Verified
amender
“correct, set right, make better, improve”; the initial a- spelling became established

from Old French amender "correct, set right, make better, improve" (12c.)

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Middle English
Verified
amenden
“free from faults, rectify”; first attested in English in the early 13th century

from PIE *mend- "physical defect, fault" (source also of Sanskrit minda "physical blemish," Old Irish mennar "stain,...

+1 more source
Modern English
Verified
amend
To improve, correct, or alter—especially a law, document, or proposal

from Old French amender "correct, set right, make better, improve" (12c.)

+1 more source
Modern English
amend

Picture a Roman proofreader discovering a blot on a manuscript: the ideal fix was to get the fault out, not merely paint over it. Latin joined ex, “out,” to mendum, “fault or blemish,” producing ēmendō—literally, “I free from faults.” That same family took a darker turn in mendacious, because a Latin “fault” could become a flaw in writing and then a falsehood. English borrowed the repair-minded form through Old French amender, while its shortened sibling mend eventually became the everyday word for repairing clothes, tools, and almost anything else. In 1777, amend acquired its especially familiar legal sense: lawmakers could “amend” a bill by removing what was wrong without throwing the whole thing away.

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