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batten

/ˈbætən/

Improve by feeding, or strengthen with a strip

From Proto-Indo-European via Proto-Germanic and Old Norse *bʰed- → batna → batten (good) + Latin via Late Latin, Old French, and Middle English battuō / battere → batent → batten (beat).

noun
verb
verb
adjective
batten (verb/adjective)
Proto-Germanic
Verified
*batô
reconstructed
“improvement, recovery”

from Proto-Germanic *batô (“improvement, recovery”))

Old Norse
Verified
batna
“to grow better, improve, recover”

from Old Norse batna (“to grow better, improve, recover”)

Middle English
Verified
*battenen, *batnen
reconstructed
“to improve, thrive, or grow fat,” later giving the English verb and adjective

from Middle English *battenen, *batnen, of North Germanic origin, probably

batten (noun)
Latin
Verified
battuō
“to beat, hit, strike”; a very rare Latin verb

from Latin battuō (“(very rare) to beat, hit, strike”); further etymology uncertain, possibly

Late Latin
Verified
battere
A later form meaning “to beat”

from Late Latin battere, the present active infinitive of battō (“to beat”)

Old French
Verified
batent
“a beating,” also used for a finished bar or board

from Old French batent (“a beating”), a noun use of the present participle form of batre (“to beat, hit, strike”)

Modern English
batten

Two quite different histories are hiding inside this small, sturdy word. The verb batten is a northern Germanic relative of “better”: Old Norse batna meant “to improve” or “recover,” and the older root was associated with being good—so to batten on food was originally to thrive by feeding, not merely to eat greedily. The noun took a more violent route, probably passing through Old French batent, “a beating,” from Latin words for striking; its connection to those roots is disputed, and some scholars suspect an echo of a word meaning “to pierce” or even a sound-symbolic origin. By the 1650s, English batten meant a narrow strip of wood, and sailors were nailing such strips over tarpaulins on ship hatches by 1769, turning a “beating” stick into a storm-defense tool. Remember the split: one batten grows fat and prosperous, while the other gets hammered across a deck to keep the sea out.

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