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blood

/blʌd/

Red circulatory fluid; family, kinship, or vitality

From Germanic blood (blood).

noun
verb
blood
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*bʰel-
reconstructed
“to swell”; a proposed ancestor associated with swelling or bursting

from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- ("to swell") + -ó- (thematic vowel) + -to (nominalizer), i.e. "that which bursts out"....

Proto-Germanic
Verified
*blōþą
reconstructed
“blood”; a Germanic form possibly meaning “that which bursts out”

from Proto-Germanic *blōþą, possibly

Old English
Verified
blōd
“blood,” the circulating bodily fluid

from Old English blōd

Middle English
Verified
blood
Inherited English form; later developed kinship and figurative senses

from Middle English blood

Modern English
blood
“

Picture an ancient Germanic speaker watching blood spurt from a wound: the proposed ancestral idea is not merely “red liquid,” but something that swells, bursts, and rushes out. English inherited the word as Old English blōd, while related forms survive in German Blut, Dutch bloed, and Scandinavian blod or blóð. The ultimate origin is debated: some scholars connect it to Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- “to swell,” while others, including Boutkan as reported by Etymonline, find no secure Indo-European connection and suggest a non-Indo-European origin. By the mid-13th century, blood had begun to mean family connection, and by about 1300 it could also signify a person’s temperament—the imagined seat of passion and character. So when we speak of “new blood” or “bad blood,” we are still carrying an ancient image of life as something that surges through the body and binds people together.

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