Back to explorer

entry

born

/bɔːrn/

Inborn; having come into existence

From Proto-Germanic bear (to carry).

adjective
bear
Proto-Germanic
Verified
*buranaz
reconstructed
Past participle of ‘to bear, carry’; source of the sense ‘born’

from Proto-Germanic *buranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *beraną (“to bear, carry”), equivalent to bear +‎ -en....

Old English
Verified
boren
Alternative past participle of beran (“to bear; bring forth”)

from Old English boren, ġeboren

Middle English
Verified
born
Loss of the participle vowel -e- in the spoken form

from Middle English born, boren, borne, iborne

Modern English
Verified
born
Used mainly in ‘to be born’; also ‘born poet,’ ‘born loser’

from Middle English born, boren, borne, iborne

Modern English
born

This little adjective is really a fossilized past participle. Long before English speakers treated it as its own word, it was just the ‘given birth’ form of bear, which in Old English could mean carry, bring forth, endure, or even support a roof beam. That’s why born sits so snugly beside words like birth, forbear, and even suffer — all different shades of the same old idea that something is being carried forward under pressure. By the early 1300s, people were already saying a ‘born poet,’ and the phrase to be born got so fixed that the old connection to bear faded into the wallpaper. It’s a neat reminder that English loves to hide verbs inside adjectives, like a secret birth certificate tucked into the family Bible.

§