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bow

/boʊ/

Curved weapon, gesture, or bend

From Proto-Germanic bogō (a bow) + Proto-Germanic beuganą (to bend).

noun
noun
noun
verb
verb
verb
bogō
Old English
Verified
boga
a bow; also a bend or curved shape

from Old English boga, Proto-West Germanic *bogō

Middle English
Verified
bowe
weapon or curved object

from Middle English bowe

Modern English
Verified
bow
curved weapon; arc-like shape; ship’s front in compounds

from Middle English bowe

beuganą
Old English
Verified
būgan
to bend, yield, turn back

from Old English bugan "to bend, become bent, have or assume a curved direction; to bow down, bend the body in...

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
bowen
to bend the body; submit; curve

from Middle English bowe

Modern English
Verified
bow
to bend the body in greeting or reverence

from Middle English bowe

Modern English
bow

English managed to keep two different old Germanic words looking identical on the page. One was the noun boga, the curved thing you shoot arrows from; the other was the verb būgan, meaning to bend or yield, the ancestor of today’s social gesture of lowering your body. Both ultimately point back to a bendy PIE root, *bheug-, so the language basically doubled down on the same visual idea: curve as object, curve as action. That’s why rainbow and bowsprit can live near bow, and why bend sits in the same old family portrait too. By 1917 you could even bow out of a situation—modern English turning an ancient physical motion into a graceful exit.

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