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bulb

/bʌlb/

Rounded plant organ or swollen object

From Greek bulb (Round swelling or bulbous plant organ).

noun
noun
verb
bulb
Ancient Greek
Verified
bolbos (βολβός)
A plant with a round swelling on its underground stem

from Greek bolbos "plant with round swelling on underground stem." It was extended 1660s to "spherical underground part...

Latin
Verified
bulbus
A bulb, bulbous root, or onion

from Latin bulbus "bulb, bulbous root, onion,"

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French
Verified
bulbe
A bulb or onion; borrowed from Latin

from French bulbe (15c.)

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Middle English to Modern English
Verified
bulb, bolbe → bulb
First recorded in English in the 1560s, initially meaning an onion

from Middle English bulb, bolbe

English, 1660s
Verified
bulb
Extended to the spherical underground part of plants such as lilies and onions

from French bulbe (15c.)

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English, c. 1800
Verified
bulb
Extended to any rounded swelling in a glass tube, including a thermometer or light bulb

from French bulbe (15c.)

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Modern English
bulb

Long before anyone screwed a light bulb into a socket, a bulb was simply an onion—or something that looked uncannily like one underground. Ancient Greek called this swelling bolbos (βολβός), a word that passed into Latin as bulbus and then into French as bulbe before reaching English in the 1560s. Gardeners later stretched the word from onions to the compact underground food stores of tulips and lilies: a plant packed into a little edible-looking suitcase, waiting out winter. Around 1800, the shape itself became the important clue, so a rounded swelling in a glass tube could also be a bulb—and eventually so could Edison’s glowing invention. The same visual logic still links a tulip bulb, a thermometer bulb, and a light bulb: each is nature’s or engineering’s small reservoir with a fat middle.

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