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call

/kɔːl/; /kɔl/; /kɑːl/

To shout, summon, name, or communicate by voice

From Proto-Indo-European, through Proto-Germanic and Old Norse gel (to call).

verb
noun
gel
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*gal- “to call, shout”
reconstructed
Reconstructed root for vocalizing or crying out

from PIE root *gal- "to call, shout." Related: Called ; calling . Old English cognate ceallian "to shout, utter in a...

Proto-Germanic
Verified
*kall- / *kalzōną
reconstructed
“To call, shout”; the consonants developed through Germanic sound changes

from Proto-Germanic *kall- , which is reconstructed to be

+1 more source
Old Norse
Verified
kalla
“To cry loudly, summon, name”

from Old Norse kalla "cry loudly, summon in a loud voice; name, call by name," reconstructed to be

Middle English
Verified
callen
“To cry out, summon, invoke, name”; later became modern call

from Middle English callen

Modern English
call

Long before a telephone existed, calling meant making enough noise for another human being to notice: a shout across a village, a summons at a doorway, a name thrown into the air. The word probably traveled through Proto-Germanic *kall- and Old Norse kalla, while a related Old English form, ċeallian, may also have helped Middle English callen take shape. By the 1590s, people could “call names,” turning the simple act of naming into an insult; by the 1670s, card players were calling for hands to be shown, and by 1889 poker players were calling bets. The telephone sense arrived in 1882, but the older image survives in “call in,” “call back,” and “call out”—all linguistic echoes of summoning someone loudly from a distance. The apparent root label “gel” can be misleading: this call is not related to modern gel, which comes from words for freezing and jelly; here, the memorable ancestral sound is a human cry—*gal*, a voice reaching across space.

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