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centillion

/sɛnˈtɪljən/

A one followed by 303 zeros

From Latin via French centi- (hundred).

noun
centi-
Latin
centum
“hundred”; the source of the combining form centi-
French, 19th century
centi-
Productive numerical combining form meaning “one hundred”
English, 1846
centi-
Used in centillion to signal a hundred groups of three zeros
-illion
Italian, medieval
milione
“million,” a large-number term that supplied the model for later formations
French, medieval to modern
-illion
Extracted and extended from million and related large-number names
English, 19th century
-illion
A suffix used to build names for successively enormous numbers
Combined
French centillion
By about 1841, centi- was joined to the established -illion pattern for a large-number name.
English, 1846
centillion
A number traditionally defined in the short scale as 10^303, or 1 followed by 303 zeros
Modern English
centillion
Also used loosely for an unimaginably large or indefinite quantity
Modern English
centillion

Picture a nineteenth-century mathematician trying to name a number so vast that writing it out becomes an absurd exercise in ink and patience. The first piece, centi-, comes from Latin centum, “hundred”—the same family that gives us century, centennial, and percentage. The second piece is a linguistic hand-me-down from million: French and English learned to treat -illion as a reusable label for ever larger towers of zeros. French had centillion by about 1841, and English followed in 1846, giving the number a respectable passport even though people usually use it to mean simply “an unbelievably large amount.” In modern American short-scale usage, a centillion is 1 followed by 303 zeros—but numerical naming systems vary, so the word’s real superpower is not arithmetic precision; it is making infinity sound as if it could fit on a form.

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