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/kloʊz/ (verb); /kloʊs/ (adjective, noun)

Shut, finish, or bring near together

From Proto-Indo-European *klau- / *kleh (Hook).

verb
noun/kloʊs/
adjective/kloʊs/
adverb/kloʊs/
preposition/kloʊs/
*klau- / *kleh
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*klau- / *kleh
reconstructed
“Hook, key, nail”—objects used to fasten or bar.

from PIE root *klau- "hook," also "peg, nail, pin," all things used as locks or bolts in primitive structures. Also...

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Latin
Verified
clausus (from claudere)
“Shut up, enclosed, blocked, or brought to an end.”

from Latin clausus , past participle of claudere "to shut, close; to block up, make inaccessible; put an end to; shut...

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Old French
Verified
clos / clos-
“Closed, confined”; also the stem of clore, “to shut.”

from Old French clos- (past participle stem of clore "to shut, to cut off from"), 12c.

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Middle English
Verified
closen; clos
“To close, enclose”; the adjective meant “shut up, confined, secret.”

from Old French clos- (past participle stem of clore "to shut, to cut off from"), 12c.

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Modern English
close

A primitive lock may have been little more than a hook, peg, or nail—and that humble hardware sits behind close. Latin claudere meant not only “shut” but also “block up,” “confine,” and “bring to an end,” which explains why a door, a meeting, and a business deal can all be closed. Around 1200, French clos and its stem clos- entered English, while Old English clȳsan was also working in the background; the modern word is partly a Norman-French newcomer and partly an altered native survival. Its relatives preserve the old barrier: a clause was originally a “closing” or conclusion, and a claustrum was a shut-in place, later a cloister. In 1879, physician Benjamin Ball coined claustrophobia for fear of such confinement—so every time you close a door, you are faintly reenacting the logic of an ancient key, hook, or nail.

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