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coral

/ˈkɔrəl/

Hard marine skeleton or its reddish-pink color

From Greek, probably borrowed from a Semitic source coral (Coral).

noun
noun
adjective
coral
Ancient Greek
Verified
korállion (κοράλλιον)
Name for coral, perhaps borrowed from a Semitic word for a small stone

from Greek korallion, a word perhaps of Semitic origin (compare Hebrew goral "small pebble," Arabic garal "small...

Latin
Verified
corallium
Term for coral, especially Mediterranean red coral

from Old French coral (12c., Modern French corail )

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
coral
Medieval French form, later French corail

from Old French coral (12c., Modern French corail )

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
coral
English noun attested around 1300

from Old French coral (12c., Modern French corail )

+1 more source
Modern English
coral

Picture a Mediterranean merchant holding up a branching red skeleton from the sea: that vivid object traveled through Greek korállion, Latin corallium, Old French coral, and into English by about 1300. The ultimate source is uncertain, but the leading theory connects it with Semitic words such as Hebrew goral, “small pebble,” and Arabic jaral, “small stone”—a wonderfully earthy name for something built by tiny marine animals. Earlier scholars tried a more dramatic explanation, linking it to Greek korē, “girl,” and the myth of Medusa, whose gaze supposedly turned coral red; modern scholarship generally favors the Semitic proposal. By the fifteenth century, coral had escaped the seashore and become a color word, while later compounds gave us coral reef and coral snake. So when you say “coral,” you are carrying a little red Mediterranean branch—and possibly an ancient word for a pebble—into the room.

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