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encompass

/ɛnˈkʌmpəs/

surround, include, or contain completely

From O.French, from Medieval/Vulgar Latin compass (circle).

verb
compass
Latin
AI-inferred
com- + passus
“together” + “a step, pace”; the underlying idea was pacing something out
Old French
AI-inferred
compas / compasser
“circle, circumference, extent”; “to go around or measure”
Middle English
Verified
encompassen
“to encircle”; formed with en- “in, around” plus compass

from Middle English encompassen. By surface analysis, en- +‎ compass.

Modern English
encompass

A compass began not as a sailor’s direction-finder but as an idea you could walk: Latin com- meant “together,” and passus meant “a step.” In Vulgar Latin, *compassare meant “to pace out,” as if measuring a boundary one footfall at a time; Old French compas then covered circles, distances, and limits. English borrowed compass around 1300, and by the 1550s en- had been attached to it to create the vivid sense “put within a circle.” Only later did compass acquire its nautical meaning and its musical one—the range of notes a voice can produce—so a single word came to hold maps, geometry, boundaries, and melodies. To encompass something is therefore to draw a mental circle around it: whether the boundary is a fortress wall, a field of knowledge, or an entire sorrowful childhood, nothing lies outside the line.

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