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female

/ˈfiːmeɪl/

Of or relating to women, girls, or ova-producing organisms

From Latin fēmella (A young woman or female).

noun
adjective
femella
Latin
Verified
fēmella
“A girl, a young female, a young woman”; diminutive of fēmina

from Medieval Latin fēmella (“a female”)

Medieval Latin
Verified
fēmella
“A female”

from Medieval Latin fēmella (“a female”)

Old French
Verified
femele
“Female”

from Old French femele, femelle (“female”)

Middle English
Verified
female
Altered spelling and pronunciation, later influenced by male

from Middle English female, an alteration of Middle English femele

Modern English
female

Latin fēmella began as a small-word version of fēmina: not necessarily “tiny woman,” but something like “girl” or “young female.” It traveled through Medieval Latin and Old French before appearing in Middle English as femele. Then English performed one of its favorite acts of historical mischief: it remodeled the spelling and pronunciation under the influence of male, even though male is not its true linguistic relative. The apparent pair “female/male” is therefore partly a spelling illusion—like two strangers dressed in matching uniforms. And the popular joke that female means “Fe” plus “male,” or “iron man,” is clever wordplay, not etymology; the real story begins with a Latin word for a young woman.

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