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flourish

/ˈflʌrɪʃ/

to bloom, prosper, or wave showily

From Latin flor / flōr- (flower) + Proto-Indo-European *bhel- (to thrive).

verb
noun
flor
Latin
Verified
flōs, flōrem
flower; the concrete plant image behind the whole family

from Latin flōrem (“flower”, noun). Corresponds to flower + -ish. === Pronunciation === (without the hurry–furry...

Latin
Verified
flōrēre / flōrīre
to bloom, flower, prosper

from Latin florere "to bloom, blossom, flower," figuratively "to be prosperous,"

+1 more source
Late Latin
Verified
florīre
continued flowering verb that passed into Romance

from Old French florir (via the arrhizotonic stem floriss-)

Old French
Verified
floriss- / florir
stem used in forms meaning blossom and prosper

from Old French floriss- , stem of florir "to blossom, flower, bloom; prosper,"

+1 more source
*bhel-
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*bhel-
reconstructed
to thrive, bloom

from PIE root *bhel- (3) "to thrive, bloom"). The metaphoric sense of "thrive" in English is attested by mid-14c. The...

Latin
Verified
flōs / flōrēre
a bloom word whose ancestry ultimately points back to thriving

from Latin florere "to bloom, blossom, flower," figuratively "to be prosperous,"

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
floriss-
the Romance continuation that later fed English

from Old French floriss- , stem of florir "to blossom, flower, bloom; prosper,"

Middle English
Verified
floryschen
early English form meaning to blossom or prosper

from Middle English floryschen

Combined
flourish
Entered English around c. 1300 from Old French floriss-, first meaning 'to blossom' and later 'to prosper'; the showy waving sense followed soon after.
Middle English
AI-inferred
flourish
extended from plant growth to human prosperity
Late Middle English
AI-inferred
flourish
developed the transitive sense 'brandish, wave about as a display'
Modern English
flourish

A flower and a fanfare are closer cousins than they look. Medieval English borrowed the blossom word from Old French floriss-, and at first it meant exactly what you’d expect: a plant opening up, or a person doing equally well in life. Then English did something very English and turned a botanical verb into a theatrical one, so by the late 1300s you could flourish a sword or a banner with the kind of grand, sweeping motion that says, look at me. That showy sense fits the family perfectly: same root as flower, same old idea of something opening, expanding, and being impossible to ignore. Even the related word floruit, used in biographies for someone’s peak years, feels like a little verbal bouquet pinned to the lapel of history.

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