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fourth

/fɔrθ/

Ordinal number following third; one of four parts

From Proto-Indo-European four (four) + Proto-Germanic th (ordinal-forming suffix).

adjective
noun
noun
noun
noun
four
Old English
AI-inferred
fēower
“four”
Middle English
Verified
four
The base number that influenced the spelling of fourth

from Middle English fourthe, an alteration (due to four) of ferthe

th
Proto-Germanic
Verified
*fedurþô
reconstructed
Ordinal-forming suffix, meaning roughly “pertaining to the number”

from Proto-Germanic *fedurþô, equivalent to four +‎ -th (ordinal suffix).

Old English
AI-inferred
-þa
Ordinal suffix in fēorþa, “fourth”
Middle English
Verified
-the
Spelling and pronunciation developed under French scribal influence

from Middle English fourthe, an alteration (due to four) of ferthe

Combined
Middle English fourthe
The ordinal suffix was reshaped under the influence of four, replacing earlier ferthe.
Middle English
Verified
fourthe
“fourth”; an altered form of ferthe

from Middle English fourthe, an alteration (due to four) of ferthe

Modern English
Verified
fourth
Ordinal adjective and noun; also “one-quarter” and a musical interval

from Middle English fourthe, an alteration (due to four) of ferthe

Modern English
fourth

Long before “fourth” settled into its modern spelling, English speakers said something closer to Old English fēorþa—and medieval scribes wrote ferthe. Then four itself barged into the word and remodeled it, producing Middle English fourthe: a small spelling change with a surprisingly large historical footprint. The same ancient numerical root behind four also surfaces in Latin quattuor, French quatre, Spanish cuatro, and English quarter, while a farthing was literally a “fourth part” of a penny. By 1777, Americans were already treating “the Fourth of July” as a national anniversary, just one year after independence. So whenever you say fourth, you are carrying both a counting word and a tiny grammatical suffix—four wearing its ordinal badge.

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