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indemnity

/ɪnˈdɛmnəti/

Protection against loss, damage, or legal liability

From Latin in- (not) + Latin damnum (damage).

noun
in-
Latin
AI-inferred
in-
“not,” “without,” or “opposite of”; a negative prefix
Latin
AI-inferred
in-
Combined with damnum to form indemnis, “undamaged”
damnum
Latin
AI-inferred
damnum
“damage,” “loss,” or “harm”
Latin
AI-inferred
damnis
Stem appearing in indemnis, “unhurt” or “undamaged”
Combined
indemnis
Latin compound meaning “unhurt” or “undamaged”
Late Latin
Verified
indemnitās (indemnitatem)
“security from damage” or protection against loss

from Late Latin indemnitās (“security

Middle French
Verified
indemnité
A legal or financial guarantee against damage

from Old French indemnité (14c.)

+1 more source
Late Middle English
AI-inferred
indempnite
Borrowed into English in the mid-15th century
English
AI-inferred
indemnity
A contractual promise to compensate loss or shield someone from liability
Modern English
indemnity

Picture a Roman ledger recording a loss: damnum was the unpleasant entry, the damage that had actually happened. Add Latin in-, meaning “not,” and indemnis described someone who had escaped unharmed—a person standing outside the reach of the loss. By the 14th century, French legal language had turned that condition into indemnité, and English borrowed it as indempnite in the mid-15th century. The word later split into two legal directions: an exemption from liability, recorded by the 1640s, and compensation for loss, a sense documented from 1793. Modern contracts use indemnity as a kind of linguistic safety net: if trouble falls, someone else has promised to catch the bill.

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