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Indian

/ˈɪndiən/

Of India; also referring to Native Americans

From Sanskrit, through Old Persian, Greek, and Latin india (The land or region associated with the Indus River).

noun
adjective
india
Sanskrit
AI-inferred
sindhu
“River,” especially the Indus River
Old Persian
AI-inferred
Hindu
Name for the province of Sind beyond the Indus
Ancient Greek
AI-inferred
Indos / Ινδός; India / Ἰνδία
The Indus River and the region beyond it
Late Latin
Verified
indianus
“Indian,” formed from India

from Late Latin indianus

-an
Late Latin
Verified
-anus
A suffix meaning “of or belonging to”

from Late Latin indianus

English
AI-inferred
-an
Productive suffix forming nationality and regional adjectives
Combined
Indian
India + the nationality suffix -an: “of India”
English
Verified
Indian
Attested from around 1300 for a person or thing from India

from Late Latin indianus

English
Verified
Indian
From the 1550s, also used for Indigenous peoples of the Americas because Columbus’s mistaken geography persisted

from Late Latin indianus

Modern English
Indian

A river is hiding inside this nationality word. Sanskrit sindhu meant simply “river,” but Persian speakers used it for the Indus and the land around it; Greek and Latin travelers then carried the name westward as India. The same route produced Hindu, originally a Persian geographical label, and indigo—the “Indian” blue dye that eventually became one of Isaac Newton’s seven spectrum colors in 1704. Then came the spectacular geographical blunder: from at least 1553, English speakers used Indian for Indigenous Americans because Columbus and his successors thought they had reached Asia. So one word can point both to the banks of the Indus and, through a sixteenth-century mistake, to people thousands of miles away; geography made the error, and English preserved it.

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