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lake

/leɪk/

A large body of water enclosed by land

From Proto-Indo-European *leg- (to leak or drain) + Proto-Indo-European *lókus (lake).

noun
verb
*leg-
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*leg-
reconstructed
“to leak, drain”; water runs off and collects

from Proto-Indo-European *leg- (“to leak, drain”); with Middle English lac (“lake”)

Proto-Germanic
Verified
*lakō
reconstructed
“stream, pool, body of water”

from Proto-Germanic *lakō (“stream, pool, body of water", originally "a place where water runs off and collects”),...

Old English
Verified
lacu
“stream, pool, pond, lake”

from Latin lacus "pond, pool, lake," also "basin, tank, reservoir" (related to lacuna "hole, pit"). This is...

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
lake
A native Germanic water-word, later blending with the French loan

from Middle English laken

*lókus
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*lókus
reconstructed
“lake, pool”

from Proto-Indo-European *lókus, *l̥kwés (“lake, pool”).

Latin
Verified
lacus
“pond, pool, lake”; also “basin, tub, vat”

from Latin lacus "pond, pool, lake," also "basin, tank, reservoir" (related to lacuna "hole, pit"). This is...

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
lac
“lake, ditch, pit”

from Old French lack (12c., Modern French lac ) and directly

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
lac, lake
Borrowed into English during the Middle English period

from Old French lac (“lake, ditch, pit”), a borrowed term, likely

Combined
Middle English lake
The native Old English lake and the Old French lac converged in form and meaning, reinforcing the modern word.
Modern English
Verified
lake
A relatively large, landlocked body of water; also figuratively a vast quantity of liquid

from Middle English laken

Modern English
lake

Picture two words arriving at the same English doorstep from opposite directions. One was Old English lacu, a native word for a stream or pond, connected with the idea of water leaking, draining, and gathering; the other was Old French lac, borrowed from Latin lacus, which could mean not only a lake but also a basin, tub, or vat. By the early 12th century, English speakers had effectively let these streams merge into one word: lake. The Latin family leaves some delightful footprints: a lacuna is literally a hollow or gap, as if a missing passage in a manuscript were a little empty basin, while lagoon comes through a related Romance line. And beware the look-alike lāc, an Old English word meaning play, dance, or battle—the ancestor of modern lake only in spelling, not in sense. Remember the word as a meeting of two basins: one filled by leaking Germanic water, the other carried in by a French-speaking traveler from Latin.

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