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language

/ˈleɪŋɡwɪdʒ/

A system of words and grammar for communication

From Latin lingua (tongue).

noun
verb
*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s / *dnghu-
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s / *dnghu-
reconstructed
“Tongue; speech; language”; the reconstructed ancestor of tongue-words

from PIE root *dnghu- "tongue"). The -u- is an Anglo-French insertion (see gu- ); it was not originally pronounced. The...

Latin
Verified
lingua
“Tongue,” extended naturally to mean speech and language

from Vulgar Latin *linguaticum

+1 more source
Vulgar Latin
Verified
*linguāticum
reconstructed
A reconstructed adjective/noun connected with the tongue or language

from Vulgar Latin *linguaticum

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
language
“Speech, words, oratory”; also “a tribe, people, or nation”

from Old French language

Middle English
Verified
langage, language
Borrowed into English by the late 13th century

from Old French langage "speech, words, oratory; a tribe, people, nation" (12c.)

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Modern English
language

Before language became something you studied, it was something you carried in your mouth: Latin lingua meant both “tongue” and “speech.” That little organ traveled through Vulgar Latin as *linguāticum and into Old French language, where it could mean not only words but also a tribe or nation—the people bound together by shared speech. English adopted it in the late 13th century, displacing the native Old English ġeþēode, a reminder that English itself is a linguistic patchwork. The family resemblance survives in linguistic, bilingual, and lingua franca, while Urdu offers a more unexpected story: its name originally meant “camp,” because it grew as a means of communication among soldiers and local communities. A language, then, is quite literally a tongue that became a people, a tool, and eventually an entire world made of words.

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