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legal

/ˈliːɡəl/

Relating to, permitted by, or required by law

From Proto-Indo-European, transmitted through Latin leg- (to collect).

adjective
noun
leg-
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*leg-
reconstructed
“to collect, gather”; possibly extended to picking out words or rules

from Old French légal "legal" (14c.) or directly

+1 more source
Latin
AI-inferred
lēx (genitive lēgis)
“law, enactment, regulation”; perhaps literally a gathered collection of rules
Latin
Verified
lēgālis
“pertaining to the law”

from Old French légal "legal" (14c.) or directly

+1 more source
Old French
Verified
légal
“legal”; the form may have entered English through French

from Old French légal "legal" (14c.) or directly

+1 more source
Middle English / English
Verified
legal
Attested from the mid-15th century; “permitted by law” arose in the 1640s

from Old French légal "legal" (14c.) or directly

+1 more source
Modern English
legal

Picture a Roman lawmaker assembling rules into a formal bundle: Latin lēx meant an enactment, regulation, or even a proposition put before the people. Linguists connect it—though not with absolute certainty—to Proto-Indo-European *leg-, “to collect,” the same root that produced Latin words involving gathering words, choosing, and reading. That makes legal a surprising cousin of lecture, election, delegate, and legacy: all carry distant traces of selecting or collecting something. French helped transmit légal into English, while the closely related French form loial eventually became loyal—so legal and loyal are historical doublets, not strangers. And despite the tempting resemblance, legal has nothing etymological to do with English law, which comes from a Germanic family. Remember the image: a law is a carefully gathered bundle of rules, and legal is whatever belongs to that bundle.

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