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mango

/ˈmæŋɡoʊ/

Tropical tree producing sweet edible stone fruit

From Proto-South Dravidian *mām (mango tree) + Proto-South Dravidian *kāy (unripe fruit).

noun
*mām
Tamil
AI-inferred
மா (mā)
“Mango tree”; the tree-name element in the South Indian compound.
Tamil
AI-inferred
மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)
Compound meaning “unripe mango,” with the tree element joined to the fruit element.
Malayalam
AI-inferred
മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa)
South Indian form associated with the later borrowing chain.
*kāy
Tamil
AI-inferred
காய் (kāy)
“Unripe fruit”; a productive word-forming element in South Indian languages.
Tamil
AI-inferred
மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)
In the compound, it specifies the mango as a fruit.
Malayalam
AI-inferred
മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa)
Form transmitted into wider trading languages.
Combined
*mām-kāy → மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)
The tree-name and fruit-name elements combine in a South Dravidian compound meaning “unripe mango.”
Malayalam / Tamil
AI-inferred
മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) / மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)
South Indian forms used for the mango fruit.
Malay
AI-inferred
mangga
Likely intermediary in the Southeast Asian borrowing route; the exact transmission path is uncertain.
Portuguese
Verified
manga
Borrowed through Portuguese trade and colonial contact.

from Portuguese manga

+1 more source
English
AI-inferred
mango
Recorded for the fruit in the 1580s and for the tree by the 1670s; the final -o’s history is uncertain.
Modern English
mango
“

Long before mango reached an English fruit bowl, South Indian speakers were effectively saying “mango-tree fruit”: *mām meant “mango tree,” while *kāy meant “unripe fruit.” Tamil joined them as மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), and the word then traveled through the busy linguistic ports of South and Southeast Asia, probably touching Malayalam and Malay mangga before Portuguese traders carried it westward as manga. English recorded mango for the fruit in the 1580s, turning it into the form familiar on supermarket labels today. In 1793, Captain William Bligh brought mango trees from Timor to British gardens in Jamaica and St. Vincent on his second voyage—a botanical sequel to the more famous breadfruit expedition. So every mango carries a tiny map of maritime Asia: tree plus fruit, passed from Tamil speech through Portuguese sails into English.

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