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mother

/ˈmʌðə(ɹ)/

female parent; source or origin

From Proto-Indo-European mater (mother).

noun
verb
mother
Proto-Indo-European
Verified
*mater-
reconstructed
the inherited kinship word for "mother"

from PIE *mater- "mother" (source also of Latin māter , Old Irish mathir , Lithuanian motė , Sanskrit matar- , Greek...

Proto-Germanic
Verified
*mōdēr
reconstructed
the Germanic daughter form of the same family word

from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (source also of Old Saxon modar , Old Frisian moder , Old Norse moðir , Danish moder , Dutch...

Old English
Verified
modor
the everyday Anglo-Saxon form

from Old English modor

Middle English
Verified
moder
the spelling before modern English settled on -th-

from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr (source also of Old Saxon modar , Old Frisian moder , Old Norse moðir , Danish moder , Dutch...

Modern English
mother

Human beings seem to have started with baby sounds before they started with grammar. Somewhere behind the scenes of Indo-European history, a tiny *ma- babble got stretched with the kinship ending *-ter, and out came the sturdy word that gave Latin māter, Greek mētēr, German Mutter, and English mother. That same family tree still sends up branches everywhere: maternal in the hospital, maternity in the ward, matriarch in the family council, even matrix, which began as a "womb" before it became a spreadsheet-friendly word for arrangement. English kept the old sound for centuries, then quietly dressed it up with -th- in the early 1500s, while newer uses blossomed into mother tongue, mother country, and Mother Nature. So when you say mother, you're hearing both a nursery murmur and one of the oldest titles in the language.

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