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oligarchy

/ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/

government ruled by a small elite

From Greek oligo (few) + Greek archy (rule).

noun
oligo
Ancient Greek
AI-inferred
olígos (ὀλίγος)
few, small, little
Late Latin
AI-inferred
olig- / oligo-
borrowed combining form used in learned compounds
French
Verified
oligarchie
the Greek idea carried into a Romance political term

from French oligarchie (14c.)

+1 more source
archy
Ancient Greek
AI-inferred
arkhḗ (ἀρχή)
rule, beginning, first place
Late Latin
Verified
-archia
administrative or political rule

from Late Latin oligarchia

French
Verified
oligarchie
the combining form that made the compound feel scholarly and political

from French oligarchie (14c.)

+1 more source
Combined
oligarchia / oligarchie
a learned compound meaning 'rule by the few,' entering English through French in the 1500s
Modern English
AI-inferred
oligarchy
standard political term by the 1570s
Modern English
Verified
oligarch
a member of an oligarchy, or a powerful wealthy insider

from French oligarchie (14c.)

+1 more source
Modern English
oligarchy

Ancient Greek loved building political labels out of blunt little Lego bricks, and this one is almost comically direct: “few” plus “rule.” Aristotle was already sorting governments into boxes in the 4th century BCE, and later English writers borrowed the term through French in the 1500s, when learned words still wore sandals and togas. That first piece, oligos, pops up again in scientific language like oligopoly and oligonucleotide, while arkhē lives on in monarchy, hierarchy, and anarchy—different costumes, same obsession with who gets to command. The result is a word that sounds elegant but means something rather cold: power concentrated in a tiny circle. Say “oligarchy,” and you can almost see the small table in the corner where the real decisions are being made.

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