Back to explorer

entry

persecution

/ˌpɝːsɪˈkjuːʃən/

Systematic mistreatment directed at a person or group

From Latin per- (through) + Latin sequor (to follow or pursue).

noun
per-
Latin
Verified
per
“through; forward; by means of”

from Old French persecucion "persecution, damage, affliction, suffering" (12c.) and directly

+1 more source
Latin
Verified
per-
Prefix expressing movement through or pursuit toward an end

from Old French persecucion "persecution, damage, affliction, suffering" (12c.) and directly

+1 more source
sequor
Latin
Verified
sequor
“I follow; pursue”

from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”)

Latin
AI-inferred
sequi
Infinitive form, “to follow”
Latin
Verified
persequor
“follow up, pursue, hunt down; prosecute”

from Latin persequor (“follow up, pursue”)

-ion
Latin
AI-inferred
-iō, -iōnem
Action-noun suffix, indicating an act, process, or result
Old French
Verified
-cion
French continuation of the Latin action-noun ending

from Old French persecucion "persecution, damage, affliction, suffering" (12c.) and directly

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
-cioun
English nominal ending in Middle English

from Middle English persecucioun

Combined
Latin persecutio / persecutionem
The action noun formed from persequi, “to pursue”; its meaning develops from pursuit or prosecution toward oppressive treatment.
Latin
Verified
persecutio / persecutionem
“pursuit, prosecution” and later “persecution”

from Latin persecutionem (nominative persecutio ), noun of action

Old French
Verified
persecucion
“persecution, damage, affliction, suffering”

from Old French persecucion "persecution, damage, affliction, suffering" (12c.) and directly

+1 more source
Middle English
Verified
persecucioun
“oppression for holding a belief or opinion”

from Middle English persecucioun

English
Verified
persecution
Mistreatment directed systematically at a person or group

from Latin persecutionem (nominative persecutio ), noun of action

Modern English
persecution

Picture a Roman official pursuing someone down a road—not necessarily with a sword, but with a legal summons, an accusation, or a case brought before the court. That is the force of Latin persequi: per-, “through,” joined to sequi, “to follow,” producing the image of following someone all the way to the bitter end. In medieval French and English, this pursuit acquired a darker target: people harassed or punished for their beliefs, giving us Old French persecucion and Middle English persecucioun. The word’s cousin pursue still sounds relatively harmless, while prosecute preserves the same relentless courtroom chase. The familiar psychological phrase persecution complex appeared in 1961, though persecution mania was already being used by 1892. Remember it as a chase that refuses to stop—when pursuit becomes organized cruelty, it has crossed into persecution.

§