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rickshaw

/ˈɹɪk.ʃɔː/

A human-drawn carriage, usually carrying one passenger

From Japanese, from Middle Chinese jin (person) + Japanese, from Middle Chinese riki (strength) + Japanese, from Middle Chinese sha (cart).

noun
verb
jin
Middle Chinese
AI-inferred
人 (nyin)
“person” or “human”
Japanese
Verified
jin (人)
“a person”; in the compound, “man”

from Japanese jin "a man" + riki "power" + sha "carriage." The elements are said to be ultimately

riki
Middle Chinese
AI-inferred
力 (lik)
“strength” or “power”
Japanese
AI-inferred
riki (力)
“human power” when combined with jin
sha
Middle Chinese
AI-inferred
車 (t͡ʃʰæ)
“cart” or “wheeled vehicle”
Japanese
AI-inferred
sha (車)
“carriage” or “vehicle”
Combined
人力車 (jinrikisha)
Japanese “human-power vehicle,” literally a vehicle moved by human strength
Japanese
AI-inferred
力車 (rikisha)
Clipped form of jinrikisha
English
AI-inferred
rickshaw
Shortened English form, attested in the late nineteenth century
Modern English
rickshaw

In nineteenth-century Japan, a passenger could be carried through crowded streets by a running human being rather than a horse: the original jinrikisha was literally a “human-power vehicle.” Its three pieces are wonderfully practical—jin, “person,” riki, “strength,” and sha, “cart.” English first encountered the full form in accounts of Japan during the 1870s, then trimmed it down to the brisk little rickshaw; Rudyard Kipling helped make the spelling familiar in English, especially through his ghost story “The Phantom ’Rickshaw” (1888). The vehicle word may preserve an ancient Chinese term for a wheeled vehicle, perhaps related ultimately to the Indo-European family behind wheel, though that deeper connection is proposed rather than certain. Remember it as a tiny etymological machine: a person’s power pushing a cart, compressed into one word.

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