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shark

/ʃɑːrk/; /ʃɑːɹk/

Predatory cartilaginous fish; also to fish for sharks

From German, probably via Middle English shark (Scoundrel).

noun
verb
shark
German
Verified
Schurke
“Scoundrel”; the likely source of the word’s earliest figurative association

from German Schurke (“scoundrel”); compare Dutch schurk.

Middle English
Verified
shark
Attested by Thomas Beckington in 1442 for a kind of fish

from Middle English shark (used by Thomas Beckington in 1442 to refer to a kind of fish), of uncertain origin. Most...

Modern English
shark

Before English speakers settled on shark, they used names such as dogfish and haye, so the modern word arrived as a linguistic newcomer rather than an ancient native label. Thomas Beckington used shark in 1442 for a kind of fish, and the leading theory is that it grew from German Schurke, “scoundrel”—perhaps because the fish seemed like a ruthless thief of the sea. Dutch schurk is a close cousin, preserving the same insulting sense across the Germanic neighborhood. The connection is wonderfully double-edged: a shark is both an animal with rows of replaceable teeth and, metaphorically, a human being who circles a deal looking for something to seize. Picture the word as a petty criminal slipping into a sailor’s vocabulary and emerging as one of the ocean’s most memorable predators.

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