Back to explorer

entry

shy

/ʃaɪ/

Timid, reserved, or easily frightened

From Germanic shy (Shy).

adjective
verb
noun
shy
Proto-Germanic
Verified
*skeuhaz
reconstructed
“Shy, fearful”; reconstructed ancestor

from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw (“shy”),...

Old English
Verified
sċēoh
“Shy”; describing a timid or easily startled person or animal

from Old English sċēoh (“shy”)

Middle English
Verified
shy
Originally especially used of horses that startled easily

from Middle English shy (“shy”)

Modern English
Verified
shy
Timid, socially reserved, cautious, or reluctant

from Middle English shy (“shy”)

Modern English
shy

Picture an Old English horse suddenly sidestepping at a crow or rustling branch: that is the original world of shy, whose ancestor *skeuhaz meant “fearful” or “easily startled.” By about 1600, English had extended the word from skittish animals to people who shrank from social contact—less a lack of friendliness than a nervous retreat from the unfamiliar. The later compound camera-shy, recorded by 1890, gives the old instinct a wonderfully modern target: not a wolf in the bushes, but a photographer’s lens. English scare looks like an obvious cousin, and it may share very old Germanic territory, but its route runs through Old Norse and its ultimate origin is uncertain, so the family resemblance should not be treated as proven identity. In 1895, American gambling slang added “short of” or “lacking,” leaving us with the memorable image of someone not merely timid, but shy a few dollars.

§