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supercharger

/ˈsuːpərˌtʃɑrdʒər/

Engine-driven compressor forcing extra air into cylinders

From Latin super (above) + Norman French charger (one who loads).

noun
super
Latin
super
above, over, beyond
Middle English
super-
Prefix meaning above, beyond, or excessively
Modern English
super-
Productive prefix expressing superiority, excess, or enhanced performance
charger
Norman French
chargeoir
Place where goods are loaded
Middle English
chargere
One who loads; agent noun related to charge
Modern English
charger
A person or device that loads, charges, or supplies power
Combined
supercharger
English compound combining super- ‘above, beyond’ with charger ‘device that supplies or loads’; in engine terminology, a charger that provides unusually high intake pressure
Modern English, early 20th century
supercharger
Mechanical forced-induction device that compresses engine intake air; historically, turbochargers were once called turbosuperchargers
Modern English
supercharger

Latin super meant “above” or “beyond,” a small linguistic elevator that eventually found its way into everything from supernumerary to the 1966 Super Bowl. Charger began more literally: Norman French chargeoir referred to a place where goods were loaded, before English turned the word into an agent—someone or something that loads. By 1711, a charger could be an appliance for supplying a charge, first notably in firearms; by 1901, it was giving electricity to batteries. Put the two pieces together and the name sounds almost boastful: a device that “charges beyond,” pushing more air into an engine than ordinary atmospheric pressure can provide. There is a historical wrinkle under the hood: until roughly the mid-20th century, even exhaust-driven turbochargers could be called turbosuperchargers, so “supercharger” once covered a wider mechanical family than it usually does today. Remember it as a linguistic engine: super raises the ambition, while charger does the loading.

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