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thriving

/ˈθɹaɪ.vɪŋ/

flourishing, growing, and succeeding

From O.Norse / Scandinavian thrive (to prosper).

adjective
noun
verb
thrive
Proto-Indo-European
*trep-, *terp-
often glossed as 'to satisfy, enjoy'; proposed by Wiktionary for the Germanic line
Proto-Germanic
*þrībaną
reconstructed 'to seize, prosper'
Old Norse
þrífa / þrifask
'to seize, grasp'; reflexive þrifask came to mean 'to thrive'
Middle English
thryven, thriven
'to prosper, flourish, grow, increase'
-ing
Old English
-ing, -ung
participial/gerund ending marking an ongoing action or condition
Modern English
-ing
forms participles and gerunds
Combined
thriving
present-participle adjective from thrive, attested c. 1600
Modern English
thriving

This one starts with the odd idea that thriving may once have had something to do with grabbing. Old Norse þrífa meant “to seize” or “to clutch,” and somewhere along the Scandinavian-to-English handoff that physical act of taking hold turned into the softer, almost social sense of prospering. That gives the word a nice little snap: thriving is not just existing, it is getting a firm grip on life. Its cousins are hiding in plain sight too — prosperity and flourish in English, trives in Swedish and Danish — all circling around the same old impulse to gain a foothold. By the time English speakers were using thriving around 1600, it had become the adjective of healthy business and happy growth, as if success itself had put on work boots. The image to remember: a hand closing around a branch, and the branch turning into a whole tree.

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