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wherewithal

/ˈwɛə.wɪ.ðɔːl/

Means or ability required to accomplish something

From Proto-Indo-European, through Proto-Germanic and English where (At or in what place) + Middle English, from with + all withal (With all).

noun
adverb
where
Proto-Indo-European
*kʷ-
Interrogative pronoun stem meaning “who, what, which”
Proto-Germanic
*hwar
Adverb meaning “where”
Old English
hwǣr
“At or in what place”
Middle English
wher
“At or in any place”
withal
Old English
mid ealle
Earlier expression meaning “with all, wholly”
Middle English
with alle / withal
“With all; together with; by means of”
Early Modern English
withal
Adverb meaning “in addition” or “along with the rest”
Combined
wherewithal
where + withal; originally an adverbial phrase meaning roughly “with which”
English, 1530s
wherewithal
Adverb meaning “with which” or “in what way”
English, c. 1800–1809
wherewithal
Noun meaning “the means or resources necessary to do something”
Modern English
wherewithal

English once built long strings of little directional words, as if language were assembling a verbal compass. Where began as Old English hwǣr, ultimately reaching back to the Indo-European interrogative stem *kʷ-, the same ancient family behind question words such as who and what. Withal was literally “with all,” a Middle English phrase that could mean “together with,” “besides,” or even “by means of.” Put them together in the 1530s and wherewithal first meant “with which”; only around 1800 did it settle into its now-familiar noun sense, “the means needed to do something.” So when someone lacks the wherewithal to repair the roof, the word is quietly asking: “With what, exactly, are you going to do it?”

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